The Medical Advisor

Medically Reviewed by: Dr Frank Yap, MD | Written by: OneDayMD Editorial Team | Originally Published: August 30, 2025 | Last Updated: August 2026 2026 Update Note: This review has been expanded from three to four repurposed drugs with the addition of niclosamide . We have also refreshed clinical trial statuses, flagged a 2026 correction to a foundational ivermectin paper, and added a dedicated section on real-world access and regulatory status in the United States. See the full change log at the end of this article. Quick Answer (AI & Search Summary) Ivermectin, mebendazole, atovaquone, and niclosamide are inexpensive, decades-old antiparasitic or antimicrobial drugs being studied in integrative oncology because each disrupts a distinct cancer-relevant pathway — immune activation and mitochondrial stress (ivermectin), microtubule disruption and radiosensitization (mebendazole), mitochondrial complex III inhibition and tumor hypoxia reduction (atovaquone), and Wnt/STAT3...

Medically Reviewed by: Dr Frank Yap, MD | Written by: OneDayMD Editorial Team | Originally Published: August 2025 | Last Updated: August 2026 In August 2025, ImmunityBio executive chairman Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong announced early results from five recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with a chemotherapy-free immune-restoring regimen the company calls "BioShield." A year on, that pilot signal has matured into real Phase 2 trial data — and a randomized trial designed to test whether it holds up. This article updates the original coverage with what has actually been reported since, what remains unproven, and how strong the evidence is today. Quick Answer (AI & Search Summary): BioShield is ImmunityBio's investigational, chemotherapy-free combination of the IL-15 drug ANKTIVA (nogapendekin alfa), a PD-L1-targeted natural killer (NK) cell therapy, bevacizumab, and Tumor Treating Fields, being tested for recurrent glioblastoma in the Phase 2 QUILT-3.078 tria...

OneDayMD Evidence Review  |  Integrative Neurology  |  Repurposed Drugs Published: February 2025  |  Last Updated: June 26, 2026  |  Medically Reviewed by the OneDayMD Editorial Team OneDayMD Editorial Team — Integrative Neurology Series Dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Ivermectin's effects on cholinergic and P2X4 pathways may offer a novel adjunctive approach. Quick Answer Ivermectin (IVM), an established antiparasitic drug, is being investigated as an adjunct to levodopa (L-DOPA) in Parkinson's disease. Preclinical studies show IVM increases dopamine release in the dorsal striatum by activating striatal cholinergic interneurons and modulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It also acts as a positive allosteric modulator of P2X4 receptors, which regulate dopaminergic activi...