The Medical Advisor

Peptides are short chains of amino acids (typically 2–50 residues) that function as high-specificity signaling molecules across endocrine, neurologic, immune, metabolic, and regenerative systems. In modern clinical practice, peptide therapeutics range from life-saving hormones (e.g., Insulin ) to cardiometabolic agents (e.g., Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and investigational regenerative fragments such as TB-500 and KPV. This authority review provides a clinician-facing synthesis of: Mechanistic biology (receptor signaling, downstream pathways) Evidence grading (A–D framework) Approved indications and outcome data Safety, oncology considerations, and medicolegal issues Practical clinical decision-making frameworks Why Peptides Matter in Clinical Medicine Peptides occupy a unique therapeutic niche: High receptor specificity → lower off-target effects (relative to many small molecules) Physiologic pathway modulation → amplification or restoration of endogenous signaling R...

Chemotherapy remains one of the most widely used treatments in oncology. In theory, it should kill cancer cells by targeting their rapid division. In practice, especially in metabolically driven tumors , its benefits are often temporary, limited, or accompanied by paradoxical consequences that may worsen outcomes in the long run. In fact, there's growing evidence that chemotherapy can: Select for metabolically resilient cancer cells , Reshape the tumor microenvironment to favor dissemination , and Even reactivate dormant cells that seed metastases — a key driver of mortality in cancer. ( onedaymd.com ) science.org Here’s why. 1. Chemotherapy Targets Division — Not Survival Standard cytotoxic chemotherapy is designed to kill rapidly dividing cells. This principle assumes that tumor cells are always proliferative. But many cancers — especially those driven by metabolic adaptation and resilience — contain subpopulations of cells that are: Slow-cycling Metabolically flexible Capable ...

Abstract Cancer remains a leading cause of global mortality, increasingly recognized as a metabolic disorder characterized by dysregulated energy pathways such as aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and dependency on fermentable substrates like glucose and glutamine. Traditional therapies, while effective, often exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and foster resistance. This review synthesizes recent evidence on metabolic interventions and repurposed drugs targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs), restoring oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), and modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Drawing from over 1,000 peer-reviewed studies, including meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case series, and preclinical data, we prioritize human evidence to outline core principles, a curated top 10 interventions ranked by CSC targeting, metabolic disruption, clinical efficacy, and safety, integrated protocols, and future directions. Emphasis is placed o...