The Medical Advisor

Abstract Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced via bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon, has emerged as a critical modulator of gut health, immune regulation, and neurocognitive function. This review explores the metabolic, immunological, and neurological roles of butyrate, examining its mechanisms of action and implications for chronic disease prevention. Current evidence underscores the necessity of dietary and lifestyle interventions to enhance butyrate production and optimize overall health outcomes. Introduction Butyrate, one of the principal SCFAs generated by gut microbiota, plays a fundamental role in maintaining colonic homeostasis, regulating immune responses, and supporting neural function. Recent studies have emphasized its influence on metabolic pathways, immune modulation, and the gut-brain axis. Understanding butyrate’s diverse physiological roles is essential for advancing therapeutic strategies targeting gut dysbiosis, inflammatory disorder...

Lung cancer remains one of the most challenging and deadly malignancies worldwide, with limited effective treatment options for advanced stages despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Patients with metastatic or treatment-resistant disease often face poor prognoses and unmet clinical needs, prompting exploration of novel and adjunctive therapeutic approaches. For patients with actionable mutations identified through molecular profiling, targeted therapies are the preferred treatment approach. In particular, for "PD-L1 High Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer", single-agent immunotherapy may be more effective and better tolerated than chemotherapy in selected patients. The preference for targeted treatments reflects their demonstrated efficacy in improving outcomes in these molecularly defined subgroups, underscoring the importance of comprehensive genomic profiling in guiding personalized therapy decisions. However, targeted agents are only applicable to small pati...